Dr. Hamdy Abd Elghafar: How to solve obesity problem and do slimming surgeries?

Obesity is a big problem that faces human as it risks his life because of the variety of diseases it cause like diabetes , blood pressure and cholesterol disturbance , cardiac diseases and it also lead to depression which worsens the case.

Dr. Hamdy Abd Elghafar (obesity and general surgery consultant in Educational Naser Institute Hospital in Cairo) answers the following questions about obesity :

What is meant by obesity and how can anyone know that he is obese?
The obese one is the one who have excess fatty tissue and his Body Mass Index (BMI) is > 30
BMI is a relation between height in m and mass in kg.

What are the reasons for obesity?
1.increase in number of available calories as a result of increase in number of meals and less motion so no lose of the excess calories.

2.excessive dependence on automatic transport and less walking.

3.genes controlling appetite , catabolism and anabolism are of the main reasons of obesity as well as psychological state and disturbance in glands secretions.

What are the risk factors for the obese?
Obesity results in a lot of diseases that risks human life as : diabetes , blood pressure disturbance , elevation in lipid level , psychological disorders , emboli , coronary arteries problems , breast cancer , stomach cancer , pregnancy poisoning as a result of elevation in blood pressure of pregnant woman , lung problems and glands secretions disturbance.

How to diagnose obesity?
is a good indication for the percentage of fatty tissues in people who don’t have big muscular weight
it is calculated by dividing weight in Kg by length in M
natural weight if the result is between 18.5 : 24.9
obese if the result is between 25 : 29.9
first degree obese if the result is between 30 : 34.9
second degree obese 35 : 39.9
the most dangerous result is higher that 40

 Does different obese areas affect risk factors that hazard the body?
Yes, higher obese areas is more dangerous than lower ones as the abdomen area in obese men is >102 cm and in obese women > 88 cm as higher body areas obese patients are more liable to serious dangers as diabetes and coronary diseases.

Does medication differs according to obesity degree? What is the most suitable one?
Hard regimen is considered a temporary solution yet surgery is the most suitable one besides walking , running , sports and physical exercises.

What are the advantages of these surgeries?
Studies confirmed that those who had surgery lives longer than those who don’t and 95%of them is cured from serious problems as
1. breathing during sleep enhanced by 70-80 %
2. GERD is enhanced by70-85 %
3. Rheumatoid problems is enhanced by 40-70 %
4. blood pressure elevation is enhanced by 50-90%
5. type 2 diabetics almost cured

What are these surgeries?
There are 3 kinds :

.1. Stomach Stabling : isn’t used nowadays
2. Adjustable Gastric Banding : have good patient compliance as it can be removed anytime but 

not effective.
3. Tube Gastrectomy : the newest method as it includes removal of sector of stomach that 

controls ghrelin secretion (hunger hormone) , needs medical care and having vitamins.

4. Sleeve Gastrectomy.
5.Scopinaro operation and altering pancreatic juice away from digested food.

 Finally, all of these methods depends on the obese patient strong will to become normal again.

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